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Kubernetes Network Policies Done the Right Way – A Comprehensive Guide

Dean Lewis
Dean Lewis
Published: Updated: Cilium
Adopting Network Policies in Highly Secure Environments - Cover Image

How do you strike the perfect balance between security and innovation?

In today’s fast-evolving cloud-native landscape, securing Kubernetes workloads has never been more critical—or more challenging. Enterprises face mounting pressure to protect mission-critical applications while supporting rapid development cycles.

At Isovalent, we’ve spent years helping organizations navigate these challenges, and now we’re sharing our expertise in our latest eBook, Kubernetes Network Policies Done the Right Way. Whether you’re a CIO seeking strategic insights or a platform engineer tasked with securing Kubernetes clusters, this guide provides actionable strategies to simplify your journey to secure, scalable networking.

Why Securing Kubernetes Networking Matters

For platform leaders, Kubernetes networking represents a strategic opportunity to reduce operational risks, enhance compliance, and foster innovation. Network policies, when implemented correctly, can:

  • Enable Zero Trust: Only authorized communication between workloads is permitted, minimizing attack surfaces.
  • Meet Compliance Requirements: Frameworks like GDPR, PCI DSS, and HIPAA demand stringent security measures—and network policies are a cornerstone of achieving compliance.
  • Drive Developer Agility: With the right tools, developers can onboard applications securely without delays or bottlenecks.

However, achieving these benefits requires thoughtful planning and robust tooling. That’s where Isovalent’s enterprise solutions, powered by Cilium, Hubble, and Tetragon, come into play.

What You Will Learn

In this book, you will gain practical guidance into:

  • Designing network policies that protect your infrastructure without hindering application development.
  • Leveraging network observability to refine and optimize security enforcement.
  • Adopting a Zero Trust architecture to minimize security risks across your cluster.
  • Using Cilium and Hubble to simplify policy management, enforce compliance, and secure your Kubernetes workloads at scale.

Practical Insights for Platform Teams

Platform teams face a delicate balancing act when designing and implementing Kubernetes network policies. Blocking unauthorized traffic is essential, but so is avoiding disruptions that can slow development.

At 55 pages, here’s what the book covers and an excerpt before you download (there is also a full copy of the Table of Contents in the gallery below);

  • Understanding Network Policies: What they are, their role in securing workloads, and overcoming adoption challenges.
  • Unified Security with Cilium: Secure communication, external access control, and API protection.
  • Policy Approaches: Managing multi-tenancy, mitigating exposure risks, and reducing unnecessary access.
  • Strategic Design: Starting with broad policies, prioritizing namespaces, and implementing cluster-wide guardrails.
  • Practical Tools: Adopting Zero Trust, leveraging Hubble for observability, and using enterprise dashboards for policy management.

A Visual Preview

To provide further insights into the depth of this eBook, we’ve included a selection of pages as a visual preview. These images highlight the detailed technical strategies and practical advice featured throughout the guide.

Excerpts From the Book

Below is a summary of the section “Kubernetes Approaches for Adopting Network Policy”.

Default Deny vs. Risk-Based Approaches

Using a “default deny” approach ensures every instance of service-to-service communication must be explicitly permitted through a network policy. While this method prioritizes security by allowing only authorized traffic, it introduces a significant risk of misconfiguration. Such errors can lead to application downtime or unavailability, creating friction for teams onboarding new applications.

An alternative strategy is to adopt a risk-based approach. This method begins by defining metrics for assessing risk exposure across your platform. Priority is given to securing the most sensitive namespaces first, which likely represent the highest-risk areas within your infrastructure. By leveraging network observability tools like Hubble, you can:

  • Identify patterns in network policies that mitigate risks with minimal friction.
  • Iteratively expand policy coverage across workloads as tooling and workflows mature.

For example, the following YAML file demonstrates how you can configure a policy to allow all DNS traffic while selectively enforcing restrictions on other communications:

apiVersion: cilium.io/v2
kind: CiliumClusterwideNetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: intercept-all-dns
spec:
  endpointSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - key: "io.kubernetes.pod.namespace"
        operator: "NotIn"
        values:
        - "kube-system"
      - key: "k8s-app"
        operator: "NotIn"
        values:
        - kube-dns
  enableDefaultDeny:
    egress: false
    ingress: false
  egress:
    - toEndpoints:
        - matchLabels:
            io.kubernetes.pod.namespace: kube-system
            k8s-app: kube-dns
      toPorts:
        - ports:
          - port: "53"
            protocol: TCP
          - port: "53"
            protocol: UDP
          rules:
            dns:
              - matchPattern: "*"

This approach balances security with operational efficiency, reducing bottlenecks and enabling smoother adoption of network policies.

Download the eBook Today

Whether you’re responsible for securing mission-critical applications, managing Kubernetes clusters, or ensuring compliance, Kubernetes Network Policies Done the Right Way is your go-to resource. Gain practical insights and proven strategies from industry experts who understand the challenges of modern cloud-native environments.

Take the first step toward mastering Kubernetes network policies and ensuring your organization’s infrastructure is secure, scalable, and ready to support innovation.

Dean Lewis
AuthorDean LewisSenior Technical Marketing Engineer

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Isovalent Enterprise for Cilium: Network Policies

Achieving zero-trust network connectivity via Kubernetes Network Policy is complex as modern applications have many service dependencies (downstream APIs, databases, authentication services, etc.). With the “default deny” model, a missed dependency leads to a broken application. Moreover, the YAML syntax of Network Policy is often difficult for newcomers to understand. This makes writing policies and understanding their expected behavior (once deployed) challenging. Enter Isovalent Enterprise for Cilium: it provides tooling to simplify and automate the creation of Network Policy based on labels and DNS-aware data from Cilium Hubble. APIs enable integration into CI/CD workflows while visualizations help teams understand the expected behavior of a given policy. Collectively, these capabilities dramatically reduce the barrier to entry to creating Network Policies and the ongoing overhead of maintaining them as applications evolve. In this hands-on demo we will walk through some of those challenges and their solutions.

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